Abstract: RMB has been included by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the Special Drawing Right (SDR) basket of currencies as a fifth currency along with the U.S. dollar, euro, Japanese yen, and pound sterling since October 1, 2016. The SDR was created by the IMF in the late 1960s to help maintain the fixed exchange rate regime established under the Bretton Woods Agreement. For a long time, the U.S. dollar, euro, Japanese yen and pound sterling have been the SDR basket currencies, which are also the major reserve currencies held by central banks around the world. The evolution of reserve currencies is reviewed. The standards and requirements of the SDR basket currency are discussed. Whether or not RMB satisfies these requirements is evaluated. The prospects of RMB becoming a major reserve currency are examined.

Key words: RMB, special drawing right, reserve currency

摘要： 人民币自2016年10月1日起被国际货币基金纳入特别提款权篮子，成为其第五种组成货币。特别提款权由国际货币基金在上世纪60年代末推出，旨在维持布雷顿森林协定形成的固定汇率体系。长期以来，特别提款权一直由美元、欧元、日元和英镑等四种货币组成，这四种组成货币同时也是目前主要的国际储备货币。简要回顾国际储备货币的历史演变，介绍特别提款权篮子货币的选择标准，评述人民币是否满足特别提款权篮子货币的要求，并展望人民币成为主要储备货币的前景。

关键词: 人民币, 特别提款权, 储备货币