Abstract: Aiming at the current situation that the research on the rural endowment insurance system from the perspective of law is relatively scarce, a comprehensive review of its policy development process and academic research process is proposed. The new agricultural insurance system includes three stages: budding period, initial development period and innovative development period. Based on the literature analysis and the academic understanding of the rural endowment insurance system, from the beginning as a supporting measure for economic reform to the current stage as the reality of pursuing social substantive fairness, effective measures are proposed to improve the system, including institutional integration. The focus is on improving the investment operation efficiency of the system from the perspective of law and economics.

Key words: new rural endowment insurance, endowment insurance reform, institutional changes, substantial equity

摘要： 从法学视角研究新型农村养老保险的成果较为匮乏，全面梳理其政策发展历程和学术研究进程，提出新农保制度包括萌芽时期、初步发展时期和创新发展时期三阶段。立足于学术研究中对新型农村养老保险制度的认识，认为其初始阶段是作为经济改革的配套性措施，而现阶段则是作为社会实质公平得以实现的重要手段。提出完善该制度的有效措施，包括制度一体化的改革，以及注重从法经济学视角提升该制度的投资运行效益。

关键词: 新型农村养老保险, 养老保险改革, 制度变迁, 实质公平