Abstract: In linguistic community of China, the definition of “national language capacity” has since long been cumbersome in clarifying the interrelation between nation and citizens and the dealing with the overlapping among classic definitions. It requires review of its denotations and its sub classifications. This paper adopts the redefinition of “national language capacity” as its point of departure and its dimensions and features as the range of literature review, describing the state of art of “national language capacity” in China nowadays. It aims to generalize the contributions and imperfections in this field, and further to give prospects and relevant suggestions. This review shows: first, research in national dimension has succeeded in theoretical planning but not arrived at linking it to the realistic situations; secondly, research in citizen dimension is successful in phenomenal descriptions but have not done a perfect job in unfolding the backgrounded factors. In general, those have indicated a disjunction between the national dimension and the citizen dimension, and an imbalance between theoretical argumentation and realistic resolution.

Key words: national language capacity, citizen language capacity, status quo, reflection

摘要： 在我国学界，“国家语言能力”概念的界定素来存在国家和国民语言能力关系不明、能力项内容重叠等现象，亟须厘清此概念的内涵及其能力项。从概念的再定义出发，以其维度和能力范畴为综述范围，回眸其发轫以来国内的研究现状，归纳过往的成绩和不足，并对现状做出有关设想和反思。文献研究发现，国家维度的语言能力研究善于做理论规划，但对现实问题的指导意义有待实践检验；国民维度的语言能力研究擅长现状描写，但对成因的追踪不足。这些问题反映出当前国家语言能力研究中国家维度和国民维度之间的脱节，理论规划和现实问题之间的失衡。

关键词: 国家语言能力, 国民语言能力, 现状, 反思