Abstract: The development of the black community cannot be separated from the efforts of black intellectuals, but they are often criticized for being separated from the black people. Gates is a leading figure in African American studies today. On the one hand, his African American literary criticism highlights the uniqueness of African American literature. On the other hand, his position in academic institutions makes him examine the problems existing in African American literary studies from the perspective of institutions. Gates professional responsibilities in mainstream institutions are related to his class identity. His African American literary criticism not only tries to meet the needs of African American literary studies, but also caters to the expectations of mainstream society, which highlights the identity dilemma of black intellectuals.

Key words: black intellectuals, identity dilemma, Gates, African American literary criticism

摘要： 黑人群体的进步与发展离不开黑人知识分子的努力，但他们往往因脱离黑人民众而备受批评。盖茨是当今美国非裔研究的领军人物之一。一方面，他的美国非裔文学批评突出非裔文学的独特性；另一方面，他在以白人为主的学术机构中的处境，让他从学院的角度出发并以知识分子的身份去审视美国非裔文学研究中存在的问题。盖茨在主流机构中的职业责任与其阶级身份密切相关。他的美国非裔文学批评既努力满足非裔文学研究自身的发展需求，又着力迎合白人社会的期待，反映出黑人知识分子的身份困境。

关键词: 黑人知识分子, 身份困境, 盖茨, 美国非裔文学批评