Abstract: In the context of challenges to the traditional homebased elderly care in rural areas, the paper selected S county as the research object, and obtained micro data through household surveys. Using Spearman correlation coefficient model and logistic regression model, the paper makes an indepth analysis of the individual situation, family situation, neighborhood relations, institutional elderly care cognition, institutional elderly care willingness and other issues of the elderly. The paper found that at present, there is a large demand space for rural institutional pension, but the level of rural institutional pension cannot meet the basic pension needs of rural elderly, which greatly inhibits the enthusiasm of rural elderly to choose institutional pension. The paper believes that the social forces can be mobilized to promote the highquality development of rural institutional pension in addition to enhancing the rural elderly to “provide for themselves” and “provide for their children”, which is the key way to solve the good pension needs of rural elderly in the new era.

Key words: rural elderly; institutional pension; pension willingness

摘要： 在农村传统居家养老遭遇挑战的现实背景下，选取S县作为调查对象，通过入户调查方式获得微观数据，利用Spearman相关系数模型、Logistic回归模型等，分析老年人个体情况、家庭情况、邻里关系、机构养老认知、机构养老意愿等问题。当前农村机构养老需求空间较大，但农村机构养老整体发展水平无法满足老年人的基本养老需求，一定程度上抑制农村老年人机构养老的积极性。在增强农村老年人自我养老和子女养老能力的基础上，动员社会力量，推动农村机构养老高质量发展，是解决新时代农村老年人美好养老需求的关键。

关键词: 农村老年人；机构养老；养老意愿