Abstract: As two kinds of politics in modern society, universal equality politics and cultural difference politics are related to two pluralistic concepts which are value pluralism and cultural pluralism. The relationship between two pluralistic theories is complex, just as universal equality politics and cultural difference politics intertwine each other. Four modes of the way to deal with the relationship between the two pluralistic theories can be distinguished, and John Grays “Modus Vivendi” gets more applicability than the other modes while the liberalism is criticized parochialism and arbitrariness owing to its arguments against cultural pluralism.

Key words: universal equality, cultural difference, value pluralism, cultural pluralism

摘要： 现代社会中存在着普遍平等的政治与文化差异的政治，二者分别与两种多元主义观念相关，即价值多元主义与文化多元主义。正如普遍平等的政治与文化差异的政治相互交织，价值多元主义与文化多元主义之间也关系复杂。处理二者关系的策略可以分为四种模式，其中格雷的“权宜之计”适用性更强，而自由主义者试图消弭多元文化主义的论调则只能表明其狭隘性和独霸性。

关键词: 普遍平等, 文化差异, 价值多元主义, 文化多元主义