Abstract: Translation is one of the most important reasons for the increase of variation in the scientific and technological terms. From the perspective of ecotranslatology, variation of translated terms may be involved with the geographic and diachronic changes in the translational ecoenvironment, the contrast between sourcetext ecology and targettext ecology, the different study areas translators coming from, the different cultural community they represent, as well as the their disagreement in different translational idea. These variations will exist forever in the terminological system and never disappear. Therefore, the best way of reducing the variation and standardizing the translation is to survive the fittest by means of natural selection.

Key words: terminological translation, variation of translated term, ecotranslatology, translational ecoenvironment, sourcetext ecology, targettext ecology, translation community

摘要： 翻译是导致科技术语变体增加的一个重要原因。在生态翻译学视角下，翻译生态环境中地域和时域的改变，原语生态和译语生态之间的差别，以及以译者为代表的翻译群落在行业属性、文化群体及翻译理念上表现出来的种种不同，都有可能造成术语译名的变异。这些变异永远存在，无法杜绝。规范术语翻译和减少译名变异的最佳办法是运用“汰弱留强”的自然法则，在竞争中经过翻译生态系统的层层淘汰和筛选，形成“整合选择适应度”最高的译名。

关键词: 术语翻译, 译名变异, 生态翻译学, 翻译生态环境, 原语生态, 译语生态, 翻译群落