Abstract: Non prosecution right is an important embodiment of the discretion of the procuratorial organs. It has the effect of “final judgment” in the criminal proceedings. The decision of not to prosecute can terminate the process of criminal proceedings. From this perspective, the procuratorial organ is the last line of defense of justice. But the procuratorial organs as legal supervision organs shall guarantee that the power of the final can exercise the fairness. Judicial public is the premise and foundation to promote the judicial justice and improve judicial credibility. Public scrutiny on non prosecution cases is an inevitable way to ensure fairness, which is also the duty of the procuratorial organs and the requirements for the judicial democracy.

Key words: not to prosecute, public inquiry, justice and equity, systemic exploration

摘要： 不起诉权是检察机关自由裁量权的重要体现，在刑事诉讼中具有“终局性裁判”的效力。不起诉决定可以终止刑事诉讼的进程，从这个角度来讲，检察机关是司法正义的最后一道防线，但是检察机关作为法律监督机关更应保证自身具有的终局性权力能够公平公正的行使。司法公开是促进司法公正、提升司法公信力的前提和基础，对拟作不起诉案件进行公开审查是确保不起诉权公平公正行使的必然出路，也是检务公开的题中应有之义，更是司法民主的必然要求。

关键词: 不起诉, 公开听证, 公平公正, 机制探索