›› 2020, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (3): 44-49.

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Legal Remedy of Train Seat Occupancy Act

ZHENG Xiang, SHAN Maofeng   

  1. School of Law, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
  • Received:2019-10-10 Revised:2019-11-04 Online:2020-05-22 Published:2020-06-07

火车占座行为的法律救济路径

郑翔,山茂峰   

  1. 北京交通大学 法学院 北京 100044
  • 作者简介:郑翔(1971—),女,北京交通大学法学院副教授,博士,研究方向:经济法、交通运输法;山茂峰(1995—),男,北京交通大学法学院硕士研究生,研究方向:竞争法、交通运输法。
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研项目“网约私家车交通事故法律问题研究”(2018YJS188);教育部人文社会科学规划项目“‘互联网+’背景下新型道路交通现象法律问题研究”(J19C700010)

Abstract: Firstly, the malicious occupying behavior is a breach of contract between the railway transport company and the passenger. Secondly, from the perspective of the person whose seat was occupied, it is a kind of infringement of creditors’ rights. Finally, from the perspective of the railway transport order administrator, it is an infringement of the public transport order. The occupied person may claim the breach of contract for the carrier based on the passenger transportation contract, or may file a lawsuit against the infringer based on the damage of its inherent interests. Malicious occupying behavior turns negative externality, so the government intervention is more effective than civil liability. The railway transportation management department should deal with malicious occupations as soon as possible. The design of the penalty system for the malicious occupants should be improved.

Key words: seat occupancy act, breach of contract, tort

摘要: 恶意占座行为,首先是一种铁路客运合同的违约行为;其次从被占座人角度来看,是一种侵害债权行为;最后从铁路运输秩序管理者角度来看,是一种侵害公共运输秩序行为。被占座人可以基于旅客运输合同向承运人主张违约救济,也可以基于其固有利益的损害向被占座人提起侵害债权之诉。恶意占座行为具有负外部性,政府干预比民事赔偿责任更有效。铁路运管部门应尽可能及时应对恶意占座行为,完善对恶意占座人限乘处罚的制度设计。

关键词: 占座行为, 违约行为, 侵权行为