Abstract: LU Xun developed his enlightenment thoughts with “national character transformation” as the core with the context of enlightenment in the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of Republic of China. And its internal logic is the political philosophical approach of Confucianism to transform “individual” and then to transform the “state”. LU Xuns profundity and modern significance is not reflected in his enlightenment thoughts, but in his questioning and surpassing of enlightenment. To understand LU Xun, we must understand the cultural origin and thinking logic of LU Xuns enlightenment thought， put emphasis on LU Xuns reflection, questioning and surpassing of the enlightenment thought, and highly value the transformation of LU Xuns thought. LU Xuns reflection, questioning and surpassing of enlightenment are not only the keys to accurately understanding LU Xuns works, but also deeply inspiring thinking about the process of Chinas modernization.

Key words: LU Xun, enlightenment, questioning, surpassing

摘要： 鲁迅以“国民性改造”为核心的启蒙思想是在清末民初的启蒙语境中生成的，其内在逻辑则是儒家由改造“个人”而改造“国家”的政治哲学进路。鲁迅的深刻性与现代意义并不在于他的启蒙，而在于其对启蒙的质疑和超越。理解鲁迅必须理解鲁迅启蒙思想的文化渊源、思维逻辑，重视鲁迅对启蒙思想的反思、质疑和超越，重视鲁迅思想的转变。鲁迅对启蒙的反思、质疑、超越，不但是准确理解鲁迅作品的关键，更对思考中国现代化进程深具启示。

关键词: 鲁迅, 启蒙, 质疑, 超越