Abstract: The depletion of rural finance and lack of land credit was one of the important reasons of the concentration of land and the prevalence of usury in the rural modern China. In order to revitalize the countryside， the movement of fostering peasant proprietors led by the national government and its official school promoted the creditization of land and fostered peasant proprietors so as to finally transfer land ownership to peasants. Moreover， the movement enlivened rural finance and improved the credit ability of peasants in some areas.However，the actual operation of the amortization credit mechanism showed that the cultivation of peasants credit ability was not only about the transfer of land rights， but also required the dual support of financial and administrative power， and needed to strengthen the awareness of land property rights and the spirit of the market contract.

Key words: land credit, fostering peasant proprietors, rural finance, credit cooperative, Chinese school of land economics

摘要： 金融枯竭和信用缺失是近代中国农村高利贷盛行、土地集中的重要原因之一。为了救济与复兴农村，国民政府及其官方学派主导的扶植自耕农运动，致力于土地信用化，创设和扶助自耕农，将土地所有权转移给农民，在局部地区盘活了农村金融，提升和维护了农民的信用能力。然而分期摊还信用机制的实际运行状况显示，农民信用能力的培育不单是地权转移，且需要金融和行政力量的双重支撑，同时要强化土地的产权意识和市场的契约精神。

关键词: 土地信用, 扶植自耕农, 农村金融, 信用合作社, 中国地政学派