Abstract: This paper researches the development of crossborder railway transport in recent years and analyzes the markets demand for reform of railway transport documents. By analyzing the basic characteristics of railway bill of lading and its practice and function in crossborder railway transport， the paper believes the railway bill of lading is an innovative mode which can meet the requirements of financing and document circulation of the railway transportation enterprises. However， the railway bill of lading in practice has such problems as lacking interpretation of international conventions and domestic laws and regulations， single method of financing and settling accounts，and ineffective cargo control. In view of the above problems， this paper gives the corresponding solutions， namely， add relevant content of railway bill of lading to international railway transportconventions， issue relevant national laws and regulations on railway bill of lading， innovate new financing methods related to railway bill of lading， introduce the use of electronic bill of lading， use blockchain technology to build network monitoring system， encourage and promote qualified NVOCC to participate in signing the railway bill of lading， innovate the function of releasing goods in batches on railway bills of lading， and promote more cities to practise railway bill of loading and other suggestions and opinions.

Key words: railway bill of lading; railway bill; crossborder railway transport; right in rem;“Belt and Road”

摘要： 研究近年来铁路跨境运输的发展现状，分析市场对铁路运输单据的改革需求。通过分析铁路提单的基本特征及在铁路跨境运输中的实践与作用，认为铁路提单是能满足企业融资和单据流通要求的创新模式，但在实践中面临缺乏国际公约和国内法律法规解释、融资方式较为单一，以及缺乏有效控货等问题。基于此，提出推动国际公约和国内法律法规增加与铁路提单有关的解释和规定、创新与铁路提单有关的融资方法、推广采用电子提单、运用区块链技术建设网络监控系统、提倡有资格的无车承运人签署铁路提单、创新铁路提单分批放货功能，以及扩大铁路提单实践的试点城市等措施。

关键词: 铁路提单；铁路运单；铁路跨境运输；物权； “一带一路”