Abstract: LIU Bang learned the lessons of the Qin Dynasty after establishing the Han Dynasty, set up counties and feudal kingdoms,which was so called “the parallel system of county and feudal kingdom”.It did not mean that feudal kingdoms belonged to the central government.The central government imposed moral restrictions on the feudal kings in means of “the same surname is a family”from the view of “parents”,required feudal kings to obey their parents orders; Feudal kings thought that “family” without rank of monarch and minister and freed from central government control.Therefore,the central government strengthened the prevention in all aspects, including economy,politics,militaryand so on. There was fierce confrontation and conflicts between the two sides,and even would erupt war. The relationship between the central government and feudal kings was more like a special national relation.

Key words: the early Han Dynasty, the parallel system of county and feudal kingdom, feudal kingdom, govern the world by filial piety

摘要： 刘邦建立汉朝后吸取了秦朝灭亡的教训，设置了郡县和同姓诸侯国，即所谓的“郡国并行制”。诸侯王国并非隶属于中央的地方行政机构,中央以“同姓一家”对诸侯王进行道德约束，以“家长”自居，要求诸侯听从“家长”吩咐；诸侯王认为“家”无君臣尊卑之分，不听中央节制。中央设立诸侯王的同时在各个方面加强对诸侯王的防范，包括经济、政治、军事等方面，双方存在着激烈的对立与冲突，甚至会爆发战争，中央和诸侯王的关系更像是一种特殊的国与国的关系。

关键词: 汉初, 郡国并行制, 诸侯王, 以孝治天下