Abstract: The transportation system experienced the process of transforming from water transportation to rail transportation in modern Shandong. With the development and evolution of highway construction technology and automobile manufacturing industry, till the Republic of China, the real significance of highway planning, construction, transportation, management and other undertakings in Shandong was gradually opened. The road in this period had not created a new transport hub, but highway construction investment, flexibility, speed and good characteristics made it have unique advantages in short transportation. With the development of new traffic, the mode of transportation begins to change gradually, and the traditional pattern of traffic and transportation is greatly impacted. Generally speaking, the construction and transportation of Shandong highway started in late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and gradually played an increasingly important role in commodity circulation, personnel exchanges and social changes.

Key words: highway traffic, late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, Shandong

摘要： 清末民初德国占领青岛之后，出于军事及经济目的，在当地大力修筑现代公路，是为山东公路交通发展的初始；民初由于政局动荡，公路规划与建设并无实质进展，1920年代之后山东公路交通事业渐次展开，商营及官办公路运输业渐有起色。这一时期虽还未造就新的交通枢纽，但公路交通建设投资少、机动灵活、速达性好的特点使其在中短途运输中具有了独特优势。随着新式交通的发展，交通运输方式开始逐步转型，传统的交通运输格局受到巨大冲击。总体来看，清末民初山东公路建设与运输开始起步，并逐渐在商品流通、人员往来及社会变迁中发挥日益重要的作用。

关键词: 公路交通, 清末民初, 山东