关键词: 铁路提单；铁路运单；铁路跨境运输；物权； “一带一路”

Abstract: This paper researches the development of crossborder railway transport in recent years and analyzes the markets demand for reform of railway transport documents. By analyzing the basic characteristics of railway bill of lading and its practice and function in crossborder railway transport， the paper believes the railway bill of lading is an innovative mode which can meet the requirements of financing and document circulation of the railway transportation enterprises. However， the railway bill of lading in practice has such problems as lacking interpretation of international conventions and domestic laws and regulations， single method of financing and settling accounts，and ineffective cargo control. In view of the above problems， this paper gives the corresponding solutions， namely， add relevant content of railway bill of lading to international railway transportconventions， issue relevant national laws and regulations on railway bill of lading， innovate new financing methods related to railway bill of lading， introduce the use of electronic bill of lading， use blockchain technology to build network monitoring system， encourage and promote qualified NVOCC to participate in signing the railway bill of lading， innovate the function of releasing goods in batches on railway bills of lading， and promote more cities to practise railway bill of loading and other suggestions and opinions.

Key words: railway bill of lading; railway bill; crossborder railway transport; right in rem;“Belt and Road”