Abstract: For a long time, farmers seriously hindered the process of agricultures modernization. The household registration system, based on the urbanrural dual structure, the current land systems and rural educational system are the objective factors and the traditional local complex is the subjective factors that result in predicament from peasants to farmers. From the view of modern agriculture, we should reform census register system and break the pattern of urbanrural division; improve vocational education to proceed from reality; further invigorate the land management right and innovate transformation forms.

Key words: modern agriculture, peasant, identity transformation, professional farmer

摘要： ：长期以来，我国农民的身份问题严重阻碍了现代农业的发展进程。以户籍制度为基础的城乡二元结构、现行的土地制度、农村的教育体制是制约我国农民身份转换的客观因素，传统的乡土情结则是限制我国农民身份转换的主观因素。为此，从发展现代农业的视角，应改革户籍制度，打破城乡二元格局，建立符合实际的农民职业教育体制，放活土地经营权，创新转换形式等，以解决阻碍农民身份转换的因素。

关键词: 现代农业, 农民, 身份转换, 职业农民