Abstract: Liberation theology is usually regarded as a radical revolutionary thought. It is the product of Marxism gradually entering the field of religion in Latin America. However, Marx himself held a strong critical attitude to religion. To absorb and apply Marxism, religion must resolve its own contradictions with this criticism. Gustavo Gutiérrez, a Peruvian Catholic priest, adopted a religious interpretation of Marxism which turned Marxs religious critique into a political and historical critique. In his book， Gutiérrez didnt put Marxs critique of religion opposite to Catholic Church, but expressed his confirmative response to Marxs critique of religion through a threedimensional liberation of politics, history and spirituality. The critique of religion has been transformed into social and historical criticism, and the religion itself has become the origin and motivation of the struggle.

Key words: critique of religion, Gutiérrez, Teología de la Liberación

摘要： 解放神学通常被视为一种激进的革命思潮，它是马克思主义在拉美逐渐进入宗教领域的产物。但马克思本人对宗教持有强烈的批判态度，宗教要想吸收和运用马克思主义，就必须解决其自身与这种批判的矛盾。秘鲁天主教神父古铁雷斯对马克思主义采用了一种宗教化的诠释，将马克思的宗教批判转化为政治和历史批判，在其所著《解放神学》一书中，他并不把马克思的宗教批判放在天主教的对立面上，而是通过现实、历史和属灵三个维度的解放对马克思的宗教批判进行一种认同的回应。在其视野中，天主教会将因此而成为现世三重解放的起点与动力。

关键词: 宗教批判, 古铁雷斯, 《解放神学》