Abstract: This paper has investigated a Chinese childrens acquisition of whword shei by casetracking method. The research results show： 1） children acquire the interrogative of whword shei earlier than noninterrogative， and the developing characteristics are as follows： interrogative（1；04）→existential（2；04）→ universal（2；06）→rhetorical（3；01）； 2） children use the interrogative of whword shei more than noninterrogative， and the frequency is as follows： interrogative >universal>rhetorical>existentia； 3） the acquisition time and usage frequency of sheiexistential are contradictory， namely， it is earlier acquired but rarely used. While the case of sheiuniversalpair whword demonstrates the opposite tendency. It is acquired later but used more； 4） the position of shei in sentences developed from subject to object，then the attributive. Chinese childrens acquisition of shei is mostly shaped by language markedness， accessibility levels and task complexity.

Key words: Chinese children； whword； diachronic acquisition； interrogative； noninterrogative

摘要： 使用个案追踪法调查汉语儿童wh-词“谁”的历时习得情况。汉语儿童wh-词“谁”疑问用法习得时间早于非疑问用法，“谁”习得顺序为疑问（1；04）→虚指（2；04）→全指（2；06）→反问（3；01）。汉语儿童wh-词“谁”疑问用法使用频次高于非疑问用法，使用频次由高到低为疑问＞全指＞反问＞虚指。“谁-虚指”习得时间与使用频次并不匹配，其特点为“习得早，使用少”；“谁-全指”内部分项中的“多项wh-词”习得时间与使用频次同样存在不匹配现象，具体表现为“习得晚，使用多”。无论是疑问用法还是非疑问用法，“谁”所占句法位置的习得时间与使用频次均表现为主语位→宾语位→定语位的扩散特征。语言标记性、可及性等级、任务复杂度及学习者个体差异等因素是造成上述习得表现的主要原因。

关键词: 汉语儿童；wh-词；疑问；非疑问；纵向研究